On Anthropology

എന്താണ് നരവംശശാസ്ത്രം?
നരവംശശസ്ത്രത്തെ ലളിതമായി പരിജയപെടുതനാണ് ഇവിടെ ശ്രമികുന്നത്‌. അരിസ്റൊടിലിന്റെ കാലം മുതെല്കെ നരവം ശ ശാസ്ത്രം ഭൌതിഗ വ്യവഹാരങ്ങളില്‍ കുലീന മായ സ്വതീനം ചെലുതിപോരുന്നുടെങ്ങിലും
നമ്മുടെ നാട്ടില്‍, വിശേഷിച്ചും ഇന്ത്യയില്‍ നരവം ശാസ്ത്രം വേണ്ടത്ര ജനഘീയത നേടിയ ഒരു സാമൂഹിക ശാസ്ത്ര വിഷയമല്ല . മനുശേനെയും അവന്റെ ജനിതഗ സ്വഭാവത്തെയും അവന്റെ പരിണാമ ത്തെയും വൈവിത്യങ്ങളെയും കുറിച്ചും , മനുഷന്റെ വിചിത്രമായ സാമൂഹിഗ eദാപെടലുഗലെയും കുറിച്ച് ശാത്രീയമായി അനുഅഷികുന്ന ഒരു വിഷയതിന്നു എവിടെ പ്രചാരം നെടകയ്യാതെ പോയതിനെട കാരണം നരവം ശശാസ്ത്ര പഠനങ്ങല്ക് വിതെയ്യ മക്കവുന്നതാണ്.
അന്ത്രോപോസ് ലോഗോസ് എനീ ഗ്രീക്ക് വകുകളില്‍ നിനും
മണ്ണ് അന്ത്രോപോലജി എന്ന പത്തിന്റെ ഉല്പത്തി . മനുഷനെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള ശഅസ്ത്രം എന്നാന്നു ഇതിന്റെ വിവക്ഷ .യൂറോ കെന്ത്രീക്ര്‍ത്ത അറിവിനെ അടിസ്തനപെടുതിയാല്‍ അറിസ്റൊടിലിനെ തന്നെ നമ്മുക്ക് നരവംശ ഷാസ്ത്രത്തിന്റെ പിതാവയി കാണാം ...............

The Other Side of Israel

Article- Ramanum Nammalum

Book review- Indian Doctor in Jail, The Story Of Dr Bynayak Sen

Lévi-Strauss Dead at 100

Lévi-Strauss Dead at 100The bulletin just arrived from Le Monde. The influence of Claude Lévi-Strauss on French intellectual life is a subject worth dwelling on, but this is not the place. In some ways too much was always made of his role. The title of the book with which he first made his mark, Les Structures élémentaires de la parenté, provided a word, "structure," which became an emblem for all sorts of things that should never have been yoked together, but given the slapdash way in which intellectual "movements" are often conjured up out of very little more than ragtag platoons of irregulars, the word, and the "mythology" of "structuralism," if I may put it that way, colored the way in which a whole generation came of age intellectually.A more rigorous history of the age will probably reduce Lévi-Strauss's role considerably, and his work was never received with the same warmth outside France as inside it--where his elegant style and grand public works such as Tristes tropiques greatly broadened his readership. Still, he was a formidable mind, who left his mark and initiated a number of important debates, not least with Sartre, who was born only four years earlier but, in the realm of symbolism, stands for the generation that Lévi-Strauss and his epigones dethroned.bulletin just arrived from Le Monde. The influence of Claude Lévi-Strauss on French intellectual life is a subject worth dwelling on, but this is not the place. In some ways too much was always made of his role. The title of the book with which he first made his mark, Les Structures élémentaires de la parenté, provided a word, "structure," which became an emblem for all sorts of things that should never have been yoked together, but given the slapdash way in which intellectual "movements" are often conjured up out of very little more than ragtag platoons of irregulars, the word, and the "mythology" of "structuralism," if I may put it that way, colored the way in which a whole generation came of age intellectually.A more rigorous history of the age will probably reduce Lévi-Strauss's role considerably, and his work was never received with the same warmth outside France as inside it--where his elegant style and grand public works such as Tristes tropiques greatly broadened his readership. Still, he was a formidable mind, who left his mark and initiated a number of important debates, not least with Sartre, who was born only four years earlier but, in the realm of symbolism, stands for the generation that Lévi-Strauss and his epigones dethroned.(french media report)

മറുപടി ലേഘനം (൨൦൦൯ ജാനുവരി)

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ImesØ AbnØ I¬]-\-Iƒ
\nkm¿. sI -
_PvdwKZƒ. inh-tk\ XpSﾟn ASp-ﾘ-Im-ew-hsc -am-[y-a-ﾟ-fnｬ IqSn-am{Xw \Ωƒ Adn-™p-sIm-
≠n-cp∂ A{ImaI lnμp-Xz-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ \ΩpsS {Kmam-･-c-ﾟsf t]mepw Iogvs]-Spﾘn sIm≠n-cn-
ｰp-Ibpw Cﾘcw hｿｧob kwL-S-\-I-fpsS hfｿｮbvｰv DX-Ipw-hn[w \ΩpsS X\Xv BtLm-jm-\pjvTm-\-
ﾟsf hsc \mw _en-I-gn-ｰm≥ X-dm-hp-Ibpw hStｰ C･y-bnepw a‰pw cmjv{So-b-ambn cq]w
sIm≠ BtLm-j-ﾟ-sfbpw A\p-jvTm-\-ﾟ-sfbpsamsｰ \mw Ccp-Iw \oｴn kzmwio-I-cn-ｮp-sIm-≠ncn-ｰ
p-Ibpw sN∂ hｿﾘ-am\ Imeﾘ,v hｿｧo-b-X-bpsS Bｰw Iqｴp∂ Cﾘcw {]h-W-X-Iƒsｰ-
Xnsc kmwkvIm-cnI Pm{K-X-bpsS sNdnb apcƒｮ t]mepw tIƒｰmﾘ CSﾘ,v auZq-Zn-b≥ kwL-S-\-
Iƒ cmjv{So-b-ﾘn-en-d-ﾟm≥ X-sd-Sp-ｰp∂p F∂-dn™ kμｿ`w, Ah-k-c-hmZ aX-\n-c-t]-j-Pm-{K-XbpsS
sskdWpw apgｰn hcp∂ laoZv tN∂aw-K-eq-cns\ XS-™p-\nｿﾘp-Ibpw ]qｿW ]cn-tim-[-
\bvｰv hnt[-b-am-ｰp-Ibpw sNt・≠-Xp-≠v. kwLv ]cn-hm-dns‚ "kv]ncn‰p' IS-ﾘp-Im-c-\m-W-tｱ-lsa∂
v \njv]-｣-amb GsXmcp ]cn-tim-[-\bvｰpw sXfn-bvｰm-\m-Ip-sa∂Xp Xs∂-bmWv hnaｿi-\-ﾟtfmSv
CS-s]-ｴp-sIm≠v Atｱlw Fgp-Xnb adp-]Sn Ipdn-Πn-s‚bpw (]ｮ-Ip-Xnc s^{_p-hcn)-D-≈-Sｰw
hn\n-abw sN-∂-Xv.
aX-]-chpw, PmXn-]-chpw , hｿｧ-]-c-hp-amb B･-cnI sshcp-≤y-ﾟƒ am{X-a√ A\-h[n B･-cnI
sshI-ey-ﾟƒ IqSn-bp≈ kaq-l-amWv C･ym-cm-Pysﾘ apkvenwIƒ. apkvenw aX˛ cmjv{Sob kwLS-\-
I-fnｬ am{X-a√ atX-Xc I｣n-I-fpsS IqsS AWn-\n-c-ｰp∂ AkwJyw apkvenwIfnepw Cu
sshcp≤yhpw sshI-eyhpw Gdnbpw Ipd™pw I≠p-h-cp∂p≠v. apkvenw kaq-l-ﾘn\Isﾘ sshIey-
ﾟ-sftbm sshcp-≤y-ﾟ-sftbm ]cn-l-cn-ｰp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw a‰p-]-e-Xnepw Xmｬ]cyw ]q≠ apkvenw
kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ B \neｰv hnaｿin-ｰsΠ-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. hnaｿinｰ-sΠ-Sp-∂p-ap-≠v. lao-Zns\
t]mep-≈-hsc Cﾘ-c-ﾘnｬ KpW-Imw-｣n-I-fmb hnaｿi-I-cpsS Iqｴ-ﾘnｬ DƒsΠ-Sp-ﾘp-∂-Xnｬ Nne
{]bm-k-ﾟƒ IqSn-bp-≠v. apkvenwIfpsS B･-cnI sshIr-X-ﾟsf \nc-･cw sshIm-cnI bp‡n-bnｬ
Ah-X-cn-Πn-ｰp∂p F∂-Xnｬ Ihn™v B P\-k-aqlw _mly-X-e-ﾘnｬ \n∂pw t\cn-Sp∂ A\-h[n
sh√p-hn-fn-Isf Ipdntｮm {]iv\-ﾟsf Ipdntｮm Ip‰-I-c-amb au\-a-h-ew-n-ｰp-∂Xv lao-Zns\ t]msebp-≈-
hｿ XpSｿ∂v t]mcp-∂Xv sIm≠m-W-Xv.
Pam-Asﾘ Ckvemanbp-sSbpw ]n.-F-^v.sF bpsSbpw cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-I-tfmSv apJy-[mcm cmjv{Sob
]mｿｴn-Iƒ Akv]riyX IｬΠn-ｰ-W-sa∂ lao-Zns‚ ap≥ teJ-\-ﾘnse ]cm-aｿi-amWv Cubp-≈-
hs‚ hnaｿi\ XqenI Nen-Πn-ｮXv F∂ lao-Zns‚ I≠-ﾘｬ ]qｿW-ambpw icn-bm-Wv. "Akv]riyX'
t]mep≈ ^yqUｬ ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ P\m-[n-]-Xy-ﾘns‚ Ime-ﾘn\v `qj-W-a-√m-ﾘXv sIm≠v Aﾘcw
]Zm-h-en-Iƒ Dt]-｣n-tｰ-≠-Xp-s≠∂v laoZv Hmｿﾘmｬ \∂v. apJy-[mcm cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-Iƒ auZp-
Zn-b≥ cmjv{So-b-I-｣n-I-tfmSv Akv]r-iyX IｬΠn-ｰ-W-sa∂ Xs‚ hmZ-ﾘn\v ]pXnb Nne XpSｿｮ-
Iƒ IqSn laoZv sIm≠v hcp-∂p-≠v. "\ΩpsS apJy-[mcm cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-Iƒ hnti-jnｮv CS-Xp-]mｿｴn-
Iƒ Bｿ. Fkn.-F-kn\pw AXns‚ cmjv{Sob {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ﾘn\pw Akv]riyX IｬΠnｮp t]mcp-
∂p≠v F∂XmWXv . \ΩpsS Xncs™SpΠv P\m-[n-]-Xy-ﾘn-s‚bpw I｣n cmjv{So-b-ﾘn-s‚bpw Ncn-
{X-a-dn-bm-hp∂ Hcmƒｰpw Cﾟn-s\-sbm-cp Is≠-ﾘｬ \S-ﾘm-\m-hp-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. hyh-m-
]nX CSXv ]mｿｴn-Iƒ DƒsΠsS Hｴp-anｰ cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-Ifpw H-fn™pw sXfn™pw Bｿ.-F-kv.-Fkv
{]Xn-\n-[m-\-ﾟ-fmb _n.-sP. ]nbpsSbpw a‰pw thmｴp _mｶp-Iƒ hn\n-tbm-Knｮv t]mcp-∂p-s≠∂Xv ]cky-
amb cl-ky-ﾟ-fn-sem-∂mW.v CSXv cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-I-tfmSv Hｴn-\n∂, t]cns‚ IqsS {_mｰ-‰nｬ
atX-X-cXzw kqNn-Πn-ｮp-t]m-cp∂ Hcp cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn IｿWm-S-I-bnｬ _n.-sP.-]nbpw ambn tNｿ∂v
Iqｴp-a-{･n-k-`-bp-≠m-ｰn-bXpw A[n-Imcw tkm]m-\-ﾘnｬ Gsd-\mƒ Aaｿ∂ncp∂v HSp-hnｬ A[n-
Imcw ssIam‰w sNt≠ kml-N-cy-ﾘnｬ hmｰp-]m-en-ｰmsX _n.sP.]nsb hｩn-ｮXp hgn lnμp-
Xz-]mｿｴn-bmb _n.sP.]nｰv H‰bvｰv A[n-Imcw t\Sm-\p≈ kml-N-cyw D≠mｰn sImSp-ﾘXpw laoZn\v
Adn-bmsXXmhn√. Adn-™n√ F∂v \Sn-ｰp-I-bmhpw. F≥. Un.F F∂ t]cnｬ _n.sP.]nbpsS
t\Xr-Xz-ﾘnｬ Imem-h[n ]qｿﾘn-I-cnｮ ap≥ tI{μ a{･n-k-`-bnｬ F{X atX-X-c-ｰmcpw tkmjy-en-ﾃp-
Ifpw ]ｶp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw laoZv Adn-™n√ F∂v \Snｰp-∂-h-bpsS Iqｴ-ﾘnｬ s]Spw.
G‰hpw henb atX-Xc I｣n-bmb tImｨ{K-kns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw Cｰm-cy-ﾘnｬ Hｴpw hnip-≤-a-√.
hｿﾘ-am\ C･y-bnse G‰hpw Xo{hX Gdnb lnμpXz ]mｿｴn F∂v hnti-jn-Πn-ｰm-hp∂ inh-tk-
\sb ]meqｴn hfｿﾘn-b-Xnｬ km｣mｬ tImｨ{K-kn\v \ntj-[n-ｰm-\m-hmﾘ ]ｶp-≠v. 1966 Pqｨ 14\v
inh-tk-\-bpsS cq]n-I-cW {]Jym-]\ kZ-knｬ hnin-jvSm-XnYnbmbn-cp∂p A∂sﾘ alm-cnjv{S
tImｨ{Kkv apJy-a{･n hk･ dmhp \mbvIv . inh-tk-\-bpsS hfｿｮ-bpsS hnhn[ Lｴ-ﾟ-fn-semsｰ
\mbvIns‚ AI-a-gn™ klm-b-ﾟƒ tk\bvｰv e`n-ｮn-ｴp-s≠∂ Imcyhpw \nkvXｿｰ-amW.v alm-cmjv{
S-bnｬ am{X-a√ bp.]nbnepw KpP-dm-ﾘnepsamsｰ lnμp-Xz-ﾘns‚ hfｿｮ-bnｬ tImｨ{K-kv \bﾟƒ
Hcp {][m-\-L-SIw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bp.]nbnse tImｨ{Kkv apJy-a-{･n-bm-bn-cp∂ ]WvUn‰v
]･v {Ia-k-am-[m\ tk\-sb- hsc kwLv]-cn-hm-dn\v Xosd-gpXn sImSp-ｰm≥ Xp\n-™-Xn\v sXfnhpIfp≠
v. cmjv{So-b -IpXnc Iｮ-h-S-ﾟ-fpsS Ncn-{X-a-dn-bp∂ GsXm-cmƒｰpw hnZq-c-a-√m-sﾘmcp `mhnbn
ｬ auZq-Zn-b≥ I｣n-Ifpw lnμp-Xzcpw GsX-ｶn-ep-samcp ]ｩm-b-ﾘn-se-ｶnepw kJyw Xoｿｰm-\n-Sbp-
s≠∂ Imcyw \ntj[n-ｰm-\m-hn-√.
auZq-Znﾃv kwL-S-\-Iƒ Xmtem-enｮv t]mcp∂ "ip≤ CkvemanI kwkvIm-c-hm-Z'-ﾘns‚ {]Xntema
hrﾘ-ﾘnｬ Cubp-≈-h≥ Id-ﾟp-∂-Xmbv laoZv Is≠-ﾘp-∂p-≠v. hmkvX-h-ﾘnｬ Fs‚ hnaｿi-
\-Ip-dn-Πnｬ aX-sa∂ \ne-ｰp≈ Ckvemans\ ]cn-K-Wn-ｮnｴp t]mepap≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp kaq-l-sa∂
\ne-ｰp≈ apkvenw kzXz-ﾘns‚ Ah-m-hｿﾘ-am-\-ﾟ-fn-eq-∂n-bm-bn-cp∂p {]kvXpX hnaｿi-\-IpdnΠv.
auZq-Zn-bpsS t]cnｬ Aｮ-Snｮp h∂sXmsｰ Adn-™nｴv Atｱlw ap…ow-I-fnse tKmƒhｿｰ-d-√-
F∂v hniz-knｰmXn-cn-ｰm≥ auZq-Zn-{`aw Fs∂ sX√pw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-ｴn√ F∂v lao-Zns‚ Adn-hn-teｰmbn
Ipdn-ｰsｴ. ip≤-tKmƒhｿｰ-dnkv‰pIƒ Aｩp-]-Xn-‰m-≠n-tesd Ime-ambv \ΩpsS Xnc-s™-SpΠv tKmZbn
ｬ kmam\yw hnkvXr-X-am-sbmcp {]Xn-temaaWvUew Xoｿﾘp-sIm≠v Xs∂ \ne-\n∂p t]mcpt
ｺmƒ AXns\ I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-ｰp-Ibpw auZq-Zn-IfpsS kam-[m-\-]-c-amb cmjv{Sob \oｰ-ﾟƒｰv
Akv]riyX IｬΠn-ｰp-Ibpw sN∂ lao-Zns‚ Cc-ｴ-ﾘm-Πn-s\-bmWv Rm≥ hnaｿi\ hnt[-b-am-ｰnbXv
. lnμp-Xz-kw-L-S-\-Isf laoZv hnaｿin-ｮn-ｴp-s≠-ｶnｬ AXv Pam-Asﾘ Ckveman hnaｿi-\-ﾟƒｰv
_me≥kv sN∂ ]cp-h-ﾘnｬ am{X-am-sW∂ bmYmｿ∞yw laoZn\v \ntj-[n-ｰm-\m-hptam?. Fs‚
hnaｿi-\-Ip-dn-Πnｬ D∂-bn-ｰ-sΠｴ ImX-emb ]e-{]-iv\-ﾟ-tfmSpw laoZv {]Xn-I-cn-ｮn-ｴn-s√-∂Xpw {i≤n-
ｰ-Ww. hｿｧo-bX, Bhn-jvｰmc kzmX{･yw XpS-ﾟnb hnj-b-ﾟ-fnｬ laoZv ]peｿﾘn t]mcp∂
ap≥KW-\m-{Iaw {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-am-sW-∂Xv Aﾘ-c-ﾘn-semcp hnaｿi-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚
hnZq-c- Z-i-I-ﾟ-fnｬ Ft∂m auZpZn ]d-™Xv ho≠pw ho≠pw Bhｿﾘn-ｮp sIm≠v ImenI cmjv{Sob
kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ﾟsf hni-I-e\w sN-∂Xv Aev]w hｰﾘw Xs∂-bm-Wv. lnμp-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw
apkvenw aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw XcWw sNbvXv t]mcp-∂Xv cmjv{S-in-ev]n-I-fmb BZｿi-]p-cp-j≥amｿ
Pohn-ｮn-cp∂ Ime-ﾟ-sf-bmWv. aX-au-en-I-hm-Z-tﾘmSv Atﾟ-b‰w CS™v \n∂ Ah-scm-sｰ Cu hn`-
ﾘns\ A{X s]sｴs∂m∂pw adn-I-S-ｰm≥ Bhn√ F∂v Icp-Xn-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂
BZｿimfl- I P\m[- n]- X- yﾘ- ns- ‚bpw kzmX{- -･yﾘ- ns‚bpw atXX- c- X- zﾘ- ns- ‚bpw hnkvXrX- t- emI- ﾘ- nse
A\p-`-h-ﾟƒ Ahｿｰv ImWnｮv sImSp-ｰm-\m-bn-cp∂p \ΩpsS cmjv{S-in-ev]n-Iƒ {ian-ｮX.v Km‘n
auZq-Zn-ﾃp-I-tfmSv "Nncnｮp' F∂v Ahｿ ]d-bp-∂Xpw s\lvdp kzbw tkh-Isc dnΠvｪnｰv ]tc-Unｬ
AWn-tNｿﾘXpsamsｰ AXns‚ `mK-am-bn-ｴm-bn-cn-ｰWw. A√msX aX-au-en-I-hmZw t｣a-cm-jv{Sﾘn-\
p-X-Ip-sa∂v Ahｿ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂Xv sIm≠√. \ΩpsS cmjv{Sob-tKm-]p-c-ﾟ-fnｬ ]nevｰm-eﾘv
"cmP-Ein'Iƒｰv Ccn-Πn-S-an-√msX t]mbXmWv aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒｰv ChnsS ^e-`q-bnjvTamｰn sImSpﾘXv.
icn-bmb ap≥K-W-\m-{Iaw ]men-ｰmﾘ cmjv{So-b-hn-aｿi-Iｿｰpw kmaq-ln-I-\n-cq-]-Iｿｰpsa√mw
Cu nXn hntijw krjvSn-ｮ-Xnep≈ ]ｶv \ntj-[n-ｰm-hm-X-√.
lao-Zns‚ FXnｿΠv hｿｧo-bhpw aX-au-enI hmZ-]-chpamb ASn-m-\-ﾘnｬ kwL-Sn-ｮp-\nｬｰp∂
apkvenwIƒ cmjv{So-b-ﾘnend-ﾟp-∂-Xn-em-Ws{X. AXn-emｿｰmWp kwi-b-ap-≈-Xv. cmPy-ﾘns‚ AJWvUXbvｰ
pw _lp-kzc-Xbvｰpw hn≈ｬ Xoｿｰp-sa-∂Xv sIm≠mWv lnμp-ｰfpw, apkvenwIfpw DƒsΠ-
sS-bp≈ icm-icn P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw kam-[m-\-Imw-｣n-Ifpw Cﾘ-c-ﾘnep≈ aX-au-enIhmZn-
I-fpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Isf sNdp-ﾘp-\n∂pt]mcp-∂-Xv. F∂mｬ lao-Zns‚ aqey-t_m[w CsXm-∂p-a√ F∂v
kwi-bn-tｰ-≠n-bn-cn-ｰp∂p. hｿｧo-b-Ifn \yq\-]｣ kapZm-b-ﾘn-s\∂t]mse `qcn-]｣ kap-Zm-bﾘn\
pw \S-ﾘm-sa∂p, Cﾟs\ kw`-hn-ｮmｬ 83 iX-am\w hcp∂ lnμp `qcn-]-｣-ﾘn\p apｺnｬ
ap…ow-Iƒｰv \ne-\nｬΠp-≠m-hn√ F∂p-amWv laoZv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. lao-Zns‚ Cu `qcn-]｣ lnμp \yq\-
]｣ apkvenw Zzμw Cﾘ-c-ﾘnｬ Ncn-{X-ﾘnｬ kwLv]-cn-hmｿam-{Xta apｺv Xmtem-enｮv t]m∂n-ｴp-≈q.
83 iX-am\w lnμp-ｰfpw PmXn, aXw, cmjv{Sobmh-t_m[w XpS-ﾟnb Imcy-ﾟ-fnsem∂pw sshhn-≤yﾟfpw
sshcp-≤y-ﾟfpw ]peｿﾘmﾘ GI-Pm-Xob `qcn-]-｣-am-sW∂ lao-Zns‚ Is≠-ﾘｬ ip≤
^mkn-k-ﾘns‚ {]tLm-j-W-a-√msX as‰-･mW.v Cu `qcn-]-｣-t_m-[hpw aX-ﾘns‚ cmjv{Sob CSs]-
S-ep-Ifpw \ΩpsS P\m-[n-]-Xy-ﾘns‚ Ncn{Xsﾘ kwLｿj `cn-X-am-ｰn-bn-ｴp≈Xns‚ IW-ｰp-Isf-
Sp-ﾘmｬ AXn-sem∂p apkvenwIƒｰp hnti-jnｮpw D]-cn-hｿｧ-apkvenwIƒｰpw auZq-Zn-ﾃp-Iƒｰpw
bmsXmcp ]ｶp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v t_m[y-am-hpw.
aX-ﾟ-fpsS bmYm-nI apJhpw AanX sshIm-cn-I-Xbpw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ﾟ-fp≈ Bcm-[m\
{Ia-ﾟfpsamsｰ-bmWv C･y-bnse lnμp-˛-apkvenw kwLｿjﾟƒｰv]n∂nse Imc-W-ﾟ-fmbn ]etΠmgpw
{]N-cn-Πn-ｰ-sΠ-ｴn-ｴp-≈X.v Ipsd-ｰqSn apt∂mｴv t]mbmｬ kmｺ-ﾘn-Ihpw `qan-im-kv{X]chpw
P\-kw-Jym-hn-X-cW]chpamb khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv tI{μ-Im-c-W-ﾟ-sf∂ hymJym\w hsc Fﾘpw.
2002 se KpP-dmﾘv hwi-lXy t]mepw kmｺ-ﾘnI Ak-a-Xz-ﾟ-fpsS ]cn-Wn-Xn-bm-sW∂v \nｿh-Nnｮv
aX kｶｿj-ﾟƒｰpw ]n∂nse lo\-cm-jv{Sob ]ｶm-fn-ﾘsﾘ eLp-I-cn-ｰm-\p≈ {ia-ﾟƒ \S-ｰp-
I-bp-≠mbn. P\m-[n-]Xy C･y-bnse lnμp-apkvenw Iem-]-ﾟ-sfbpw kwLｿj-ﾟ-sfbpw Aｰm-Z-anI
]T-\-ﾟƒｰv hnt[-b-am-ｰnb ]ecpw Cu kmam\y [mc-W-sbbpw Iem-]sﾘbpw aX-kw-Lｿj-ﾟsfbpw
kw_-‘nｮ BI-kvanIXmkn-≤msﾘtﾘbpw \ntj-[n-ｰp-Ibpw Iem-]-\nｿΩmW {]{In-bbnse
cmjv{Sob ]≤XnIsf kaｿ∞ambn Xpd∂v ImWn-ｰp-Ibpw sNbvXn-ｴp-≠v.
\mｬ]Xphｿj-tﾘmfw C･y-bnse lnμp˛ apkvenw kwLｿj-ﾟsf Ipdnｮv ]T\w \S-ﾘp-Ibpw
Cu hnj-b-ﾘnｬ B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ]Xn-\m-tdmfw ]pkvX-I-ﾟƒ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvX t]mƒ Bｿ
{_mkv (Professor emerates of political science- University of Washington) P\m-[n-]Xy C･y-bnse hｿKob
kwLｿj-ﾟ-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmbv m]\ hｬIrX Iem-]-hy-h (Institutionalised riot system)
F∂ kw⁄sb Xs∂ ]cn-N-b-sΠ-Sp-ﾘp-∂p≠v. XnI™ Bkq-{XWtﾘmsS `c-WIqS m]-\-
ﾟ-fp-sSbpw am[y-a-ﾟ-fp-sSbpw hsc ]ｶm-fn-Xz-tﾘmSp IqSn Iem-]-ﾟƒ \nｿΩn-sｮ-Sp-ｰp∂ {]{In-bsb-
bmWv {_mkv DƒsΠ-sS-bp-≈-hｿ Cu kw⁄bn-eqsS hni-Zo-I-cn-ｰp-∂-Xv. Xnc-s™-Sp-Πp-Iƒｰv
apt∂m-Sn-bm-bntｴm at‰-sX-ｶnepw Xc-ﾘnｬ cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-I-fpsS hnti-jnｮpw lnμp-Xz-cm-jv{Sob
]mｿｴn-I-fpsS {]hｿﾘ-\-ﾟsf klm-bnｰpw hn[-ﾘntem BWv C･y-bnse {]am-Z-amb Iem-]-ﾟ-sf-
{Xbpw \S-∂n-ｴp-≈Xv F∂v {_mkv i‡-ambn Xs∂ hmZn-ｰp-∂p-≠v. (Production of Hindu-Muslim
violence in condumporory india ). "-cm-jv{Sob a’-c-ﾟ-fpsS mbo-b-X-bnｬ hwiob/ aX-`q-cn-]-｣sﾘ
GIo-I-cn-ｰmsa∂ Nne {]tXyI cmjv{Sob ]mｿｴn-I-fpsS (hy-Xy lnμp-Xz-]mｿｴn-I-fpsS ) hnizm-kamWv
B[p-\nI C･y-bnse kwLｿj-ﾟ-fp-sSbpw Iem-]-ﾟ-fp-sSbpw ASn-m-\-sa∂
hnｬIn≥ﾃｨs‚ \ocn-｣Ww Ipsd-IqSn kml-Ncyw hy‡-am-ｰm-\p-X-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
`qcn-]-｣-P-\m-[n-]Xy hyh-n-Xn-bnｬ hwiob / aX `qcn-]-｣sﾘ tZio-b-ambn GIo-I-cn-ｰphm≥
C･y-bnse lnμp `qcn-]-｣hmZ lnμpXz ]mｿｴn-Iƒｰv ap∂nｬ cmPysﾘ apkvenwIsf√mw Hcp
t]mse i{Xp-ｰfm-sW∂ Imcy-amWv laoZv ImWmsX t]mhp-∂X.v auZqZn hN-\-ﾟsf Bthmfw
Bhｿﾘn-ｰp∂ laoZv Hcn-ｰｬ t]mepw Pam-Asﾘ CkvemanbpsS {]hｿﾘ-\-w lnμp-Xz-cp-tSXv
t]mse B{Im-a-IamsW-∂-Xn\v {]tbm-Kn-Im-\p-`-h-ﾘnｬ \n∂pw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≤-cn-ｰm-\m-hmsX hnjan-ｰ
p-∂Xv kwLｿj-ﾟ-fpsS icn-bmb cmjv{Sobw a\- n-em-ｰm≥ {ian-ｰm-ﾘ-Xp-sIm≠p IqSn-bm-Wv.
`qcn-]｣ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-nXnbnｬ , _lp-`q-cn-]｣w apkvenwIfpw aX-am-{X-hm-Zn-I-sf-√mﾘ
Hcp en-I-bnｬ auZq-Zn-ﾃpIƒ cmjv{So-b-ﾘn-te-ｰn-d-ﾟp-∂Xv lnwkm-fl-I-am-bn-ｴm-bn-cn-ｰn√ F∂Xv
Duln-ｰm-hp-∂-tX-bp≈p. lnwkm-fl-I-X-bpsS ]mX-bmWv Ahｿ Xnc-s™-Sp-ｰp-∂-sX-ｶnｬ kwi-ban√
auZq-Zn-b≥ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ﾘns‚ Bbp-s ﾆm≥ ]ns∂ ssIhn-c-ep-Iƒ t]mepw Bh-iy-am-bncn-ｰ
n-√.
\yq\-]｣ hｿｧo-b-Xbpw `qcn-]-｣-hｿｧo-b-Xbpw ka-am-sW∂v Gsd-Imew hnfw-cw sNbvXp-t]m-
∂n-cp∂ laoZv tN∂-aw-K-eqｿ CtΠm-gnXm \yq\-]｣ aX-au-en-I-hm-Zhpw `qcn-]-｣-a-X-au-en-IhmZhpw
XΩnｬ sshcp-≤ym-flI _‘-am-sW-∂p-≈-sX∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-ｰp-∂p. kaq-l-ﾘnｬ A]-ISw hnX-ｮ-
Xn-s‚bpw hnX-ｰm-\p≈ tijn-sbbpw IqSn IW-ｰn-se-Sp-ｰp-tｺmƒ sshcp≤yw Ipsdtｮm∂p-a√ D≈-
sXt∂ AXn-t\mSv Iqｴn tNｿtｰ-≠-Xm-bn-ｴp-≈q.
"lnμp-Xz-hm-Zn-Isf am{Xw hnaｿin-ｰp-∂-hｿ apkvenw aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒｰv {]nb-ｶ-c-amWv . lnμp-
Xz-hm-Zn-Isfsb∂-t]mse CkvemanﾃpIsf IqSn h√-hcpw hnaｿin-ｮmｬ Ahsc apkvenw ^≠-sa‚-
en-ﾃp-Iƒ i{Xp-]-｣sﾘ \nｿﾘp F∂ lao-Zns‚ ho｣Ww \qdpiX-am-\hpw icn Xs∂. AXn\p
\nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ﾟfpap≠v . ChnsS laoZv Cu s]mXp \nbaw Bhｿﾘn-ｰp-∂Xv {]hoｨ kzmansb
\oXn-I-cn-ｰm-\mWv. {]hoｨkzm-ansb i{Xp-]-｣ﾘv \ne-\nｿﾘnbXv apkvenw aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-f√
F∂-XmWp hmkvXhw. Np‰nepw \S-ｰp∂Xnt\m-sSmsｰ a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb kao-]\w ]peｿﾘp-∂-hcmWv.
tbmKo-μｿ knIμv apXｬ Acp-‘Xn tdmbv hsc-bp-≈-hｿ {]hoｨ kzmansb kmam\yw ISp-ﾘ-
`m-j-bnｬ Xs∂ hnaｿin-ｮn-ｴp≠v F∂-dn-bpI. atX-X-c-]-｣ﾘv \ne-bp-d-Πnｮ Uｬln-bnse Cw•ojv
]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-Icnｬ ]e-cpw {]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-\-^m-kn-k-ﾘns‚ (Journalistic Fascism) Iﾆn-bmbmWv lao-
Zns‚ {]nb-sΠｴ {]hoｨ kzmansb hne-bn-cpﾘn t]mcp-∂Xv. At\z-j-WmflI ]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-\-
ﾟƒｰv amXr-I-bm-hp-Ibpw `oI-c-X-bpƒsΠ-sS-bp≈ hnj-b-ﾟ-fnｬ `c-W-Lｴ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpsS kntdmIvkv
]Xn-Πp-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-ｰm≥ apJy-[mcm tZiob am[y-a-ﾟƒ a’-cn-ｰp-tｺmƒ hmkvX-h-ﾟƒ Xnc-
™p ]nSnｮv Aｮ-Sn-ｰp-∂-Xnｬ hym]r-X-cm-hp∂ sXlｬｰ hoｰn-en-bpsS FUn-‰ｿ F‰v emｿPv APnkvXv
kmlnbpambn ]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-I\pw {]ap-J-B-Iv‰n-hn-ﾃp-amb tbmKo-μｿ knIμv \S-ﾘnb Hc-`n-apJ `mj-
W-ﾘnｬ kmln {]hoｨ kman-bpsS X\n-\ndw hy‡-am-ｰp-∂p-≠v. Hcp ]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-I≥ F∂v hnfn-
ｰm≥ Aｿl-X-bn-√mﾘ hn[w `cWIqS- `m-jy-ﾟsf ]Iｿﾘn-sbgpXpI am{X-am-Ws{X {]hoｨ kzman
sNbvXv sIm≠n-cn-ｰp-∂X.v C‚-en-P≥kv Un]mｿｴp-sa‚ns‚ "kvt]mIvkv am≥ ' F∂ hntijWw Hcp
apXnｿ∂ ]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-I≥ kzmanｰv Nmｿﾘn sImSp-ﾘXpw ]{X-{]-hｿﾘ-I-tc-ｰmƒ am[ya D]-t`m-
‡m-ｰƒ Pm{KX ]men-tｰ≠ Cu Imeﾘv Bhｿﾘn-ｰ-sΠ-tS-≠ hnh-c-ﾟ-fm-Wv.
ate-Kmhv kvt^mS-\hpw kwtPmXm FIvkv{]-knse kvt^mS-\hpw DƒsΠsS lnμp-Xz-hm-Zn-Iƒｰv
]ｶp≈ Htｴsd hｿKob lnwk-bpsS ASn-th-cp-Iƒ I≠-ﾘm≥ {ianｮ Kth-j-I-\mWv {]hoｨ kzman
F∂v laoZv Atｱ-lsﾘ hnti-jn-Πn-ｰp-∂p-≠v. ate-Km-hnsebpw kwtPmX FIvkv{]-knsebpw
kvt^mS\ﾘns‚ At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-ｮXpw Iqtd-Imew apt∂mｴv t]mbXpw hym]-I-ambn apkvenw
kwL-S-\-I-sfbpw ap…nw bphm-ｰ-sfbpw {]Xn-tNｿﾘp-sIm-≠m-b-cn-∂p. AtΠm-sgm-sｰbpw {]hoｨ
kzman-bpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ t]meo-kns‚ hnth-N\]c-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒｰv sXmc-Πmｴp ]mSp-∂-Xpam-bncp-∂
p. ate-Kmhv kvt^mS-\-ﾘns‚ At\z-jWw tlaμv ImｿｰdbpsS ssIbn-se-ﾘn-btXm-sSbmWv
]pXnb hgn-Xn-cn-hpIƒ kw`-hn-ｰp-∂-Xv. lnμp-Xz-kw-L-S-\-Ifpw , Fgp-]Xp hｿj-ﾘn-tesd
Ime-ambn ChnsS ]c-ky-ambn \ne-\n∂v t]mcp∂ lnμpXz ssk\nI kvｰpfp-Ifpw, C･y≥ ssk\n-
I-cmb Ahn-Spsﾘ ]cnioe-I≥amcpw {]Kym-knw-Kns\ t]mep≈ lnμp -a-X-{`m-･p-≈-hcpsamsｰ Cu
kvt^mS-\-ﾟ-fnｬ ]nSn-ｰ-sΠ-Sp-∂Xpw AsXm-sS-bmWv. At\z-jWw Cu hgnｰv \oﾟn-b-tXmsS
{]hoｨkzman F∂ lnμp Zn\-]-{X-ﾘns‚ dntΠmｿｴｿ au\w apdn-ｰm≥ F{X t\c-sa-Spﾘpsh∂Xv
B ]{X-ﾘns‚ hmb-\-ｰmscsbｶnepw t_m[n-Πn-tｰ-≠-Xmbvhcn-√.
PolmZv C≥ tKmUvkv Hmｨ Iｨ{Sn F∂ t]cnｬ lnμp-hnｬ tIc-f-ﾘnse Pnlm-Zn-kw-L-S-\-IfpsS
hfｿｮsb ]cm-aｿin-ｮp-sIm≠v ( lao-Zns‚ `mj-bnｬ Kth-jWw sNbvXv sIm≠v) {]hoｨkzman
kmam\yw ZoｿL-am-sbmcp teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂p. Akw- -‘-ﾟ-fpsS tLmj-bm-{X-bmbncp∂p
AsX∂v Z ln-μp -hns‚ hmb-\-ｰmｿ Xs∂ XpSｿ∂p≈ Znh-k-ﾘnｬ Fgp-Xnb Iﾘp-Iƒ hmbn-ｮmｬ
a\- n-emhpw. 16 mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ tIc-f-N-cn{Xw F∂ \neｰv {]mY-anI t{kmX- mbv Ncn-{X-Im-c≥amｿ
hnth-N-\-at\y D]-tbm-Kn-ｰp-∂Xpw \ΩpsS bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fnｬ ]Tn-Πn-ｰ-sΠ-Sp-∂Xpamb ssiJv
ssk\p-ｱo≥ aJvZpw c≠m-as‚ "Xplv^-ﾘpｬ apPm-ln-ｱo≥' F∂ Ad_n IrXn tIc-f-ﾘnse apkvenIsf
Pnlm-Zn\v AXn-bmbv t{]cn-Πn-ｰp-∂p-sh-∂mWv kzman-bpsS Hcp Is≠-ﾘｬ. Aﾟ-s\sb-ｶnｬ {]kvXpX
IrXn-bpsS Cw•ojv ]Xn-ΠpI-ƒｰv Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xnb {]apJ amｿIvkn‰p Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am-cmb sI.-
sI.-F≥ IpdpΠpw , sI. F≥ KtWjpwsamsｰ Polm-Zns‚ hfｿｮｰv Bｰw Iqｴp-∂-h-cm-sW∂pw FgptX-≠
n-bn-cn-ｰp∂p. {]hoｨ kzmansb IW-ｰn-se-Sp-ﾘmｬ Xplv^-ﾘpｬ apPm-ln-ｱo≥ ae-bm-f-ﾘnteｰ
v `mjm-･cw sNbvX them-bp-[≥ ]Wn-ｰ-tｻ-cn-sbbpw AXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-ｮn-cp∂ amXr-`qan
_pIvkpsamsｰ tIc-f-ﾘnse Xmen-m-\n-ﾃp-I-fm-sW∂v hnti-jn-Πn-tｰ-≠n-h-cpw.
{]hoｨ kzmanbpw Atｱ-lsﾘ B[n-Im-cnI t{kmX- mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-ｰp∂ laoZv tNμ-aw-K-
√qcpw XΩnｬ hen-sbmcp hyXymkw IqSn-bp≠.v `oI-c-Xsb kw_-‘nｮ bmｶn tﾃ‰ns‚ hymI-cW
]pkvX-I-tﾘm-SmWv {]hoｨkym-anｰv Xmｬ]cyw. AXp{]Imcw hｿﾘ-am\ temIsﾘ G‰hpw henb
`oI-c-hm-Zhpw `oI-c-hmZ Zｿi-\hpw "ke^n Ckvemw' F∂ t]cn-emWv Adn-b-sΠ-Sp-∂X.v auZq-Zn-ksa∂
pw AXn-t\mSv Xmc-X-ay-aｿln-ｰm-\m-hmﾘ hn[w teme-amW.v Xo{h-k-e^n Nn･m-[mc temI-sa-
ｺmSpw Ata-cn-ｰ≥ shdp-Πns‚ _e-ﾘnｬ Xo{h-hmZn B{I-aWw \S-ﾘn-sIm-≠n-cn-ｰp-∂-hcpw, AtX
Nn･m-[m-c-bpsS Xs∂ arZphmZnIƒ Ata-cn-ｰ-tbbpw s]t{Sm tUmf-dn-s\bpw Iman-ｰp-∂-h-cp-amWv .
c≠pw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-am-h-sｴ "ip≤ CkvemanI hmZ-'sa∂ Atﾟ-b‰w A]-I-S-I-c-amb Bi-bhpw.
hym]-I-amb kuZn ^≠ns‚ ]n≥_-e-ﾘnｬ Cu arZp ke-^n-k-ﾘns‚ Bi-b-[mc thcp-∂n-\nｬｰp∂
CS-ﾟ-fn-sem-∂mWv tIcfw. cmjv{Sob Hｮ-Πm-Sp-I-fp-≠mｰmsX tImｨ{K-kn-t\mSv Hｴn \n∂mWv Chｿ
Cｰm-e-a-{Xbpw {]hｿﾘn-ｮp-t]m-cp-∂Xv . Ahｿｰv Aﾟns\ {]hｿﾘn-ｰm\pw Ah-cpsS Bi-bsﾘ
{]N-cn-Πn-ｰm-\p≈ kzmX{･ysﾘ sX√pw \ntj-[n-ｰp∂n-√. AXp-]m-Sp-≈-Xp-a√. adnｮv Pam-Asﾘ
Ckvemanｰv t\sc-am{Xw Xncn™p\nｬｰp∂ Ah-k-c-hmZ aX-\n-c-t]-｣-X- -bpsS Imhｬｰm-c≥ laoZv
Cｰq-ｴｿｰp-t\sc au\-h-ew-n-ｰp-∂-Xnｬ Fs･-ｶnepw \nKq-V-A-P-≠-Iƒ Dt≠m F∂-kwibw kzm`mhn-
Iambpw Db-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. "ip≤Ckveman-I-hmZw' Xs∂ ]peｿﾘn-t]m-cp∂ Pam-Asﾘ Ckvemapambn
k‘n-bn-√m-k-acw sN-tｺmgpw AtX-B-i-bﾘns‚ Xo{h-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ke^n hn`m-K-ﾟfpambn
laoZv ]e-tΠmgpw tXmfp-cpΩn \S-ｰp-∂Xpw hnti-jm-h-k-c-ﾟ-fnｬ Ah-cpsS apJym-XnYn ]ｴw
hsc Na-bvｰp-∂-Xp-amWv kwi-b-ﾘn\v tlXp.
DaｿJm-enZn , tbmKo-μｿ kn-Iμv, t]mƒ Bｿ {_mkv, dnｮmｿUv Cu‰ｨ XpS-ﾟn \nc-h[n \ma-ﾟƒ
C･y≥ apkvenIsf Ipdn-ｮp≈ hyh-lm-c-ﾘnｬ D]-tbm-K-tｰ-≠n-hcpw. lao-Zn\v {]hoｨ kzman-bnｬ
Xs∂ F√m-w Ign-bp∂psh∂Xv I-en-cn-Πns‚ IpgΠw sIm≠m-hmt\ Xc-ap≈q. Hcp ]pcp-jym-bp p
apgpsｰ auZp-Znｰv ]Tn-ｮXv sIm≠v lao-Zn\v ]e t\ｴ-ﾟfpw D≠m-bn-ImWpw. Cubp≈-h\v auZp-
Znｰpw lao-Zn\pw ]Tnｰm≥ Xmev]-cy-an√. P\m-[n-]-Xy-ﾘns‚ t]cnｬ ^yqUｬ Iev]-\-Iƒ Fgp-∂-
≈n-ｰp-tｺmƒ an≠m-Xn-cn-ｰm-\p-am-hn-√.

Book review published in

Thejas